Insulin

Insulin is the protein used for carbohydrate metabolism synthesized and controlled by the pancreas. Insulin is extremely important because it regulates the amount of glucose present in the blood stream, which in turn provides energy to the body, especially the brain. Neurons depend on glucose for energy in a non-starving body, and if the levels of insulin become either too high or too low, the neurons can be very harmed. The amount of insulin in the body has wide range effects throughout the body.

Insulin is used to treat diabetics, especially people with type 1 diabetes. Most times, insulin is taken in through the body via injections, but insulin can also be taken orally in some cases. Insulin resistance is present in people with type 2 diabetes, which is a very hereditary disorder. Insulin resistance is also present in women who suffer from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

The earliest forms of insulin treatment for people with diabetes came from canine, bovine, pig, and fish pancreas tissue. Because insulin is required for all life forms, it has a similar structure in many life forms. Now insulin can be synthesized artificially, it is no longer necessary to extract it from animals.

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